================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024127 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=156 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 990.0 18.0 16.0 210.0 3.9 221.0 292.0 11.646 SIGT 971.0 17.4 14.7 212.1 7.7 387.3 293.0 10.910 SIGW 946.1 15.4 14.3 215.0 12.8 609.0 293.2 10.903 SIGT 929.0 14.0 14.0 227.1 12.8 764.0 293.3 10.898 MAND 925.0 14.0 14.0 230.0 12.8 800.6 293.6 10.946 SIGW 880.2 12.1 12.1 255.0 15.9 1219.0 295.9 10.160 MAND 850.0 10.8 10.8 275.0 21.0 1512.5 297.5 9.632 SIGW 848.8 10.7 10.7 275.0 19.8 1524.0 297.5 9.607 SIGW 818.3 9.2 9.2 280.0 22.0 1829.0 299.0 8.970 SIGT 792.0 7.8 7.8 275.5 23.7 2100.6 300.3 8.429 SIGW 788.8 7.4 7.3 275.0 23.9 2134.0 300.3 8.189 SIGT 780.0 6.4 6.0 273.5 24.5 2226.6 300.1 7.553 SIGT 772.0 6.0 4.9 272.1 25.0 2311.3 300.6 7.064 SIGW 760.1 5.3 4.7 270.0 25.8 2439.0 301.2 7.091 SIGT 751.0 4.8 4.6 268.4 26.5 2537.4 301.7 7.111 SIGT 748.0 4.8 3.4 267.8 26.8 2570.1 302.0 6.556 SIGW 732.2 3.6 2.6 265.0 28.0 2743.0 302.6 6.339 MAND 700.0 1.2 1.0 255.0 28.9 3108.8 303.8 5.897 SIGW 679.0 -0.1 -0.2 250.0 26.8 3353.0 305.0 5.571 SIGT 667.0 -0.9 -0.9 250.0 25.4 3496.9 305.7 5.386 SIGT 660.0 -2.1 -2.2 250.0 24.6 3581.1 305.3 4.943 SIGT 657.0 -2.1 -3.7 250.0 24.3 3617.4 305.7 4.437 SIGW 653.6 -2.6 -6.4 250.0 23.9 3658.0 305.5 3.638 SIGT 647.0 -3.7 -11.7 248.7 24.2 3739.1 305.2 2.414 SIGT 639.0 -3.9 -11.9 247.1 24.5 3837.4 306.1 2.405 SIGT 636.0 -3.9 -11.9 246.4 24.6 3874.6 306.5 2.417 SIGT 634.0 -3.7 -7.1 246.0 24.7 3899.5 307.0 3.545 SIGT 633.0 -3.7 -7.5 245.8 24.7 3912.0 307.1 3.442 SIGW 628.9 -4.1 -7.6 245.0 24.9 3963.0 307.2 3.450 SIGT 625.0 -4.5 -7.6 246.6 24.9 4012.5 307.3 3.459 SIGT 619.0 -4.9 -6.3 249.1 24.9 4088.5 307.7 3.863 SIGT 618.0 -4.9 -5.6 249.5 24.9 4101.3 307.8 4.083 SIGT 616.0 -4.1 -4.3 250.4 24.9 4126.9 309.1 4.524 SIGT 614.0 -3.7 -4.7 251.2 24.9 4152.6 309.8 4.403 SIGT 613.0 -3.5 -5.9 251.6 24.9 4165.5 310.2 4.023 SIGT 612.0 -3.7 -8.5 252.1 24.9 4178.4 310.1 3.293 SIGT 610.0 -4.1 -31.1 252.9 24.9 4204.3 309.9 0.469 SIGT 609.0 -4.3 -44.3 253.3 24.9 4217.2 309.8 0.122 SIGT 608.0 -4.3 -38.3 253.8 24.9 4230.1 310.0 0.231 SIGW 605.1 -4.2 -40.4 255.0 24.9 4268.0 310.5 0.186 SIGT 595.0 -3.9 -47.9 261.5 24.0 4400.6 312.4 0.084 SIGW 582.1 -4.8 -49.3 270.0 22.9 4573.0 313.3 0.074 SIGT 572.0 -5.5 -50.5 267.7 22.0 4710.7 314.0 0.068 SIGW 559.7 -6.9 -49.6 265.0 21.0 4878.0 314.4 0.075 MAND 500.0 -13.9 -44.9 265.0 24.9 5749.2 316.1 0.139 SIGW 497.1 -14.2 -45.1 265.0 23.9 5792.0 316.2 0.136 SIGW 477.2 -16.6 -46.7 280.0 25.8 6097.0 317.0 0.119 SIGW 439.8 -21.4 -49.9 265.0 28.0 6707.0 318.4 0.092 SIGT 429.0 -22.9 -50.9 274.1 29.2 6892.5 318.8 0.087 SIGW 422.0 -23.6 -51.4 280.0 29.9 7012.0 319.3 0.084 MAND 400.0 -26.1 -53.1 280.0 33.8 7402.5 321.1 0.075 SIGT 394.0 -26.9 -53.9 280.0 34.4 7511.7 321.4 0.069 SIGW 387.9 -27.9 -54.2 280.0 35.0 7621.0 321.6 0.067 SIGT 332.0 -37.5 -57.5 287.2 35.0 8720.5 323.0 0.056 SIGW 311.9 -40.9 -60.3 290.0 35.0 9146.0 324.0 0.043 MAND 300.0 -43.1 -62.1 285.0 33.8 9412.1 324.6 0.038 SIGW 298.2 -43.4 -62.3 285.0 33.8 9451.0 324.7 0.038 SIGT 261.0 -50.5 -66.5 275.3 50.3 10335.7 327.0 ----- SIGW 259.8 -50.7 -66.7 275.0 50.9 10365.0 327.1 ----- MAND 250.0 -52.1 -68.1 275.0 49.9 10615.6 328.6 ----- SIGW 225.3 -56.2 -69.3 260.0 42.0 11280.0 332.2 ----- SIGT 217.0 -57.7 -69.7 267.9 36.4 11520.9 333.5 ----- SIGW 214.8 -58.0 -70.7 270.0 35.0 11585.0 334.1 ----- SIGT 214.0 -58.1 -71.1 270.3 35.8 11608.7 334.2 ----- SIGT 212.0 -57.7 -72.7 270.9 37.7 11668.0 335.8 ----- SIGT 202.0 -58.7 -75.7 274.3 47.8 11972.3 338.9 ----- MAND 200.0 -59.3 -75.3 275.0 49.9 12034.7 338.9 ----- TRO1 194.0 -60.1 -75.1 265.0 50.9 12225.2 340.6 ----- SIGT 183.0 -60.3 -75.3 266.8 55.7 12589.4 346.0 ----- SIGT 172.0 -54.7 -81.7 268.8 60.9 12981.2 361.4 ----- MAXW 166.0 -53.0 -83.0 270.0 63.9 13209.9 367.9 ----- SIGT 162.0 -51.9 -83.9 270.0 63.9 13367.0 372.4 ----- SIGW 160.8 -52.0 -84.0 270.0 63.9 13414.0 373.0 ----- SIGW 153.4 -52.5 -84.5 275.0 42.0 13719.0 377.2 ----- MAND 150.0 -52.7 -84.7 270.0 42.9 13865.0 379.3 ----- SIGW 133.0 -54.5 -84.5 275.0 44.9 14634.0 389.3 ----- SIGW 126.9 -55.2 -84.4 285.0 40.8 14939.0 393.4 ----- SIGT 121.0 -55.9 -84.3 280.0 37.9 15242.8 397.5 ----- SIGW 121.0 -55.9 -84.3 280.0 37.9 15243.0 397.5 ----- SIGT 119.0 -55.7 -84.3 274.8 35.5 15348.9 399.7 ----- SIGW 115.3 -56.5 -84.3 265.0 30.9 15548.0 401.8 ----- SIGW 109.9 -57.8 -84.3 275.0 26.8 15853.0 405.0 ----- SIGT 107.0 -58.5 -84.3 261.2 27.5 16021.8 406.8 ----- SIGW 104.7 -57.9 -84.3 250.0 28.0 16158.0 410.5 ----- MAND 100.0 -56.5 -84.3 275.0 33.8 16449.3 418.6 ----- SIGT 98.5 -55.7 -84.3 275.0 33.8 16545.5 421.9 ----- SIGW 95.1 -56.6 -84.3 275.0 33.8 16768.0 424.4 ----- SIGW 90.6 -57.9 -84.3 265.0 23.9 17073.0 427.7 ----- SIGT 88.6 -58.5 -84.3 262.7 27.6 17216.0 429.3 ----- SIGW 86.3 -58.8 -84.3 260.0 31.9 17378.0 431.9 ----- SIGT 79.1 -59.9 -84.3 278.0 26.4 17927.0 440.6 ----- SIGW 78.3 -58.9 -84.3 280.0 25.8 17987.0 443.9 ----- SIGT 77.8 -58.1 -84.3 277.1 26.1 18031.0 446.4 ----- SIGW 74.6 -59.0 -84.3 260.0 28.0 18292.0 449.9 ----- SIGW 71.1 -60.0 -84.3 270.0 29.9 18597.0 454.1 ----- MAND 70.0 -60.3 -84.3 285.0 28.0 18693.3 455.4 ----- SIGW 67.7 -60.6 -84.3 285.0 29.9 18902.0 459.2 ----- SIGW 64.4 -60.9 -84.3 295.0 18.8 19207.0 464.9 ----- SIGW 61.4 -61.3 -84.3 280.0 11.8 19512.0 470.6 ----- SIGW 58.4 -61.7 -84.3 265.0 8.0 19817.0 476.4 ----- SIGT 58.3 -61.7 -84.3 263.5 8.2 19830.2 476.7 ----- SIGW 55.6 -61.0 -84.3 230.0 14.0 20121.0 484.8 ----- SIGW 53.0 -60.2 -84.3 260.0 21.0 20426.0 493.4 ----- SIGW 50.5 -59.4 -84.3 250.0 15.0 20731.0 502.1 ----- MAND 50.0 -59.3 -84.3 265.0 14.0 20787.2 503.8 ----- SIGW 48.0 -59.8 -84.3 255.0 15.9 21036.0 508.4 ----- SIGW 45.8 -60.4 -84.3 300.0 11.8 21341.0 514.1 ----- SIGW 43.6 -61.0 -84.3 315.0 12.8 21646.0 519.8 ----- SIGT 42.5 -61.3 -84.3 350.5 12.8 21800.8 522.8 ----- SIGW 41.5 -60.2 -84.3 25.0 12.8 21951.0 529.0 ----- SIGT 40.8 -59.5 -84.3 21.6 12.3 22055.3 533.4 ----- SIGT 38.7 -59.7 -84.3 10.7 10.7 22385.9 541.0 ----- SIGW 37.6 -58.7 -84.3 5.0 9.9 22560.0 547.9 ----- SIGT 35.1 -56.1 -84.3 2.6 5.1 23001.7 565.7 ----- SIGT 32.8 -57.3 -84.3 0.2 0.5 23431.6 573.6 ----- SIGW 32.6 -56.7 -84.3 0.0 0.0 23475.0 576.3 ----- SIGT 32.1 -55.5 -84.3 1.8 1.6 23568.6 582.0 ----- SIGT 30.6 -56.1 -84.3 7.6 6.8 23873.4 588.4 ----- MAND 30.0 -55.5 -84.3 10.0 8.9 23999.5 593.4 ----- SIGW 28.2 -53.7 -84.3 10.0 8.0 24390.0 608.7 ----- SIGT 27.8 -53.3 -84.3 355.6 8.2 24487.6 612.6 ----- SIGT 25.6 -53.9 -84.3 277.2 9.3 25018.0 625.5 ----- SIGT 25.1 -52.3 -84.3 258.5 9.6 25145.2 633.6 ----- SIGW 24.5 -52.6 -84.3 235.0 9.9 25304.0 637.3 ----- SIGW 23.4 -53.1 -84.3 305.0 11.8 25609.0 644.3 ----- SIGT 23.0 -53.3 -84.3 301.7 12.2 25709.3 646.7 ----- SIGW 22.3 -52.1 -84.3 295.0 12.8 25914.0 656.0 ----- SIGT 21.9 -51.5 -84.3 309.7 11.7 26026.3 661.2 ----- SIGW 21.3 -51.7 -84.3 335.0 9.9 26219.0 666.1 ----- SIGT 20.8 -51.9 -84.3 321.1 9.9 26360.7 669.8 ----- SIGT 20.4 -50.1 -84.3 308.6 9.9 26487.1 679.0 ----- SIGW 20.3 -50.2 -84.3 305.0 9.9 26524.0 679.9 ----- MAND 20.0 -50.3 -84.3 10.0 9.9 26616.5 682.2 ----- SIGW 18.5 -49.5 -84.3 10.0 9.9 27134.0 700.2 ----- SIGW 17.6 -49.1 -84.3 300.0 11.8 27439.0 711.0 ----- SIGW 16.8 -48.6 -84.3 320.0 17.9 27743.0 721.9 ----- SIGW 15.4 -47.7 -84.3 310.0 11.8 28353.0 744.3 ----- SIGT 15.3 -47.7 -84.3 310.7 11.7 28375.9 745.2 ----- SIGW 14.7 -46.8 -84.3 320.0 9.9 28658.0 757.4 ----- SIGW 13.4 -44.8 -84.3 295.0 9.9 29268.0 784.4 ----- SIGT 13.1 -44.3 -84.3 301.9 10.8 29409.1 790.7 ----- SIGW 12.8 -44.3 -84.3 310.0 11.8 29573.0 796.3 ----- SIGT 12.7 -44.3 -84.3 302.8 11.0 29617.1 797.8 ----- SIGW 12.2 -43.0 -83.3 260.0 5.8 29878.0 811.2 ----- SIGW 11.7 -41.5 -82.2 240.0 9.9 30182.0 827.0 ----- SIGT 11.2 -40.1 -81.1 244.0 12.1 30467.6 842.2 ----- SIGT 10.5 -41.3 -82.3 250.3 15.4 30907.2 853.4 ----- SIGT 10.2 -39.9 -80.9 253.1 16.9 31104.7 865.7 ----- MAND 10.0 -40.1 -81.1 255.0 17.9 31240.0 869.9 ----- SIGT 8.8 -35.7 -78.7 ----- ----- 32121.2 919.3 ----- SIGT 8.7 -35.5 -78.5 ----- ----- 32200.7 923.1 ----- SIGT 7.9 -38.1 -80.1 ----- ----- 32868.7 938.5 ----- SIGT 7.5 -35.9 -78.9 ----- ----- 33228.3 961.5 ----- SIGT 6.7 -34.9 -77.9 ----- ----- 34014.0 997.2 ----- SIGT 6.2 -29.9 -74.9 ----- ----- 34561.2 1041.0 ----- SIGT 5.3 -24.9 -71.9 ----- ----- 35690.5 1111.1 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 06 May 2024127 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 14.1 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 293.5 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 322.1 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 10.9 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 925 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 13.9 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 794 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = 620 mb Convective Temperature (CVT) = 26.8 C Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 23.4 C K Index (KI) = 35.3 Lifted Index (LI) = 1.2 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 204.6 Showalter Index (ShI) = 0.4 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 49.4 Precipitable Water (PW) = 30.5 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 29 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 49 J/kg Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 37 J/kg Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 326 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -687 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 324 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 312 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done