================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024138 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=172
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 985.0 22.4 13.4 80.0 4.9 221.0 296.8 9.869
SIGT 978.0 20.8 12.8 82.4 4.9 283.0 295.8 9.552
SIGW 941.6 17.7 12.5 95.0 4.9 609.0 295.9 9.749
MAND 925.0 16.2 12.4 115.0 4.9 761.9 295.9 9.843
SIGT 884.0 12.6 11.9 136.0 2.4 1146.2 296.0 9.967
SIGW 876.4 12.0 11.4 140.0 1.9 1219.0 296.1 9.719
SIGT 869.0 11.4 10.9 153.9 2.5 1290.0 296.2 9.482
MAND 850.0 10.4 9.0 190.0 3.9 1475.0 297.1 8.522
SIGT 848.0 10.4 8.7 187.5 3.9 1494.7 297.3 8.368
SIGT 844.0 10.4 8.3 182.5 4.0 1534.2 297.7 8.181
SIGT 818.0 8.4 6.7 149.4 4.8 1794.5 298.2 7.559
SIGW 814.6 8.0 6.7 145.0 4.9 1829.0 298.2 7.591
SIGT 803.0 6.8 6.7 205.2 4.1 1947.4 298.1 7.702
SIGT 798.0 6.4 5.8 231.3 3.8 1998.9 298.2 7.278
SIGW 785.0 7.0 1.3 300.0 2.9 2134.0 300.3 5.353
SIGT 782.0 7.2 0.2 297.9 3.4 2165.6 300.8 4.974
SIGW 756.4 6.0 -4.6 280.0 8.0 2439.0 302.3 3.609
SIGT 753.0 5.8 -5.2 278.8 7.8 2476.1 302.5 3.451
SIGW 728.7 3.5 -4.1 270.0 7.0 2743.0 302.9 3.891
SIGT 711.0 1.8 -3.2 230.1 7.0 2942.9 303.1 4.255
SIGT 706.0 1.6 -5.4 218.7 7.0 2999.9 303.5 3.626
SIGT 704.0 1.6 -7.4 214.2 7.0 3022.8 303.8 3.117
MAND 700.0 1.6 -7.4 205.0 7.0 3068.7 304.3 3.135
SIGT 698.0 1.6 -7.4 205.0 7.2 3091.8 304.5 3.144
SIGT 695.0 1.4 -8.6 205.0 7.6 3126.5 304.7 2.875
SIGT 690.0 1.0 -7.0 205.0 8.2 3184.7 304.9 3.281
SIGW 675.7 0.1 -9.6 205.0 9.9 3353.0 305.7 2.732
SIGT 673.0 -0.1 -10.1 205.0 9.5 3385.0 305.8 2.637
SIGT 672.0 -0.3 -11.3 205.0 9.3 3396.9 305.7 2.400
SIGT 669.0 0.2 -23.8 205.0 8.8 3432.8 306.7 0.837
SIGT 667.0 0.4 -25.6 205.0 8.5 3456.8 307.2 0.714
SIGW 650.4 -0.5 -29.6 205.0 5.8 3658.0 308.3 0.508
SIGT 640.0 -1.1 -32.1 219.8 6.7 3787.2 309.1 0.406
SIGT 639.0 -0.1 -39.1 221.3 6.8 3799.7 310.4 0.202
SIGT 631.0 -0.7 -38.7 232.8 7.4 3900.4 310.8 0.214
SIGW 602.4 -3.6 -30.6 275.0 9.9 4268.0 311.6 0.497
SIGT 600.0 -3.9 -29.9 273.1 10.0 4300.2 311.6 0.534
SIGW 557.4 -7.6 -29.7 240.0 11.8 4878.0 313.9 0.585
SIGT 556.0 -7.7 -29.7 240.6 11.9 4897.1 314.0 0.587
SIGT 536.0 -9.1 -41.1 249.1 13.0 5181.3 315.6 0.196
SIGT 527.0 -9.7 -34.7 253.0 13.5 5312.2 316.4 0.383
MAND 500.0 -13.3 -27.3 265.0 15.0 5715.6 316.8 0.816
SIGT 484.0 -15.5 -26.5 265.0 12.9 5962.3 317.1 0.907
SIGT 478.0 -15.7 -35.7 265.0 12.2 6056.5 318.0 0.382
SIGW 475.4 -16.0 -34.7 265.0 11.8 6097.0 318.1 0.425
SIGT 472.0 -16.3 -33.3 263.2 13.1 6151.7 318.4 0.490
SIGT 465.0 -16.9 -38.9 259.5 15.7 6264.0 319.0 0.284
SIGW 456.5 -17.5 -38.5 255.0 18.8 6402.0 320.0 0.301
SIGT 456.0 -17.5 -38.5 255.2 18.9 6410.6 320.0 0.302
SIGT 447.0 -18.9 -36.9 259.3 19.9 6559.6 320.1 0.362
SIGT 418.0 -23.3 -46.3 272.8 23.1 7055.0 320.7 0.142
SIGT 416.0 -23.5 -43.5 273.8 23.4 7090.1 320.8 0.195
SIGT 412.0 -23.9 -31.9 275.7 23.8 7160.8 321.2 0.643
SIGT 411.0 -24.1 -33.1 276.2 24.0 7178.5 321.2 0.574
SIGT 408.0 -24.7 -31.7 277.7 24.3 7231.9 321.1 0.662
SIGT 406.0 -24.9 -29.0 278.7 24.5 7267.7 321.3 0.859
SIGT 404.0 -25.1 -30.1 279.6 24.8 7303.6 321.5 0.778
SIGW 403.3 -25.2 -29.7 280.0 24.9 7317.0 321.4 0.807
SIGT 402.0 -25.5 -29.1 280.0 24.9 7339.7 321.4 0.859
MAND 400.0 -25.9 -30.9 280.0 24.9 7375.9 321.3 0.729
SIGT 398.0 -26.1 -30.6 279.3 24.7 7412.2 321.5 0.753
SIGT 395.0 -26.5 -32.5 278.1 24.5 7466.9 321.7 0.633
SIGT 393.0 -26.7 -32.7 277.4 24.4 7503.6 321.9 0.624
SIGT 391.0 -27.1 -37.1 276.6 24.2 7540.4 321.9 0.406
SIGT 388.0 -27.5 -36.5 275.5 24.0 7595.9 322.1 0.435
SIGW 386.6 -27.7 -37.2 275.0 23.9 7621.0 322.1 0.408
SIGT 382.0 -28.5 -39.5 273.6 23.3 7707.9 322.2 0.325
SIGT 381.0 -28.7 -40.7 273.3 23.2 7726.7 322.2 0.287
SIGT 371.0 -30.1 -37.1 270.2 22.0 7916.7 322.8 0.428
SIGW 370.5 -30.1 -37.6 270.0 22.0 7926.0 322.8 0.406
SIGT 369.0 -30.3 -39.3 270.4 22.2 7955.2 323.0 0.343
SIGT 364.0 -30.9 -41.9 271.6 23.2 8052.2 323.4 0.265
SIGT 363.0 -30.9 -46.9 271.8 23.4 8071.7 323.7 0.154
SIGT 356.0 -32.1 -45.1 273.5 24.7 8209.6 323.9 0.191
SIGT 346.0 -33.5 -48.5 276.0 26.7 8410.3 324.7 0.136
SIGT 344.0 -33.5 -49.5 276.5 27.0 8451.0 325.2 0.123
SIGT 327.0 -36.1 -51.1 280.8 30.5 8805.0 326.4 0.112
SIGW 311.2 -39.2 -49.6 285.0 33.8 9146.0 326.7 0.135
MAND 300.0 -41.5 -48.5 295.0 35.9 9396.8 326.9 0.157
SIGT 295.0 -42.5 -49.5 295.9 37.0 9510.6 327.0 0.144
SIGT 290.0 -43.3 -50.3 296.7 38.0 9625.9 327.5 0.136
SIGT 289.0 -43.5 -52.5 296.9 38.2 9649.2 327.5 0.111
SIGT 287.0 -43.9 -53.9 297.3 38.7 9695.9 327.6 0.095
SIGT 279.0 -45.5 -53.5 298.7 40.4 9885.1 328.0 0.103
SIGT 274.0 -46.5 -55.5 299.6 41.5 10005.5 328.2 0.082
SIGT 272.0 -46.9 -53.9 300.0 41.9 10054.1 328.3 0.100
SIGW 271.8 -46.9 -54.3 300.0 42.0 10060.0 328.4 0.095
SIGT 270.0 -47.3 -57.3 300.7 41.4 10103.0 328.5 0.071
SIGT 261.0 -49.5 -56.5 304.4 38.4 10326.3 328.4 0.079
SIGW 259.5 -49.7 -57.1 305.0 37.9 10365.0 328.6 0.075
SIGT 257.0 -50.1 -58.1 305.0 42.0 10427.4 329.0 0.068
MAND 250.0 -51.7 -56.7 305.0 53.8 10607.2 329.2 0.081
SIGT 248.0 -51.9 -56.7 304.6 54.3 10659.3 329.7 0.082
SIGT 246.0 -52.1 -58.1 304.2 54.9 10711.8 330.1 0.071
SIGT 244.0 -52.1 -61.1 303.8 55.4 10764.6 330.9 0.052
SIGT 243.0 -52.5 -60.5 303.6 55.7 10791.2 330.7 0.055
SIGT 240.0 -52.7 -64.7 303.0 56.6 10871.5 331.6 -----
SIGT 239.0 -52.9 -64.9 302.8 56.8 10898.5 331.7 -----
SIGW 225.0 -55.9 -65.5 300.0 60.8 11280.0 332.9 -----
SIGW 214.4 -58.3 -66.0 295.0 44.9 11585.0 333.8 -----
MAND 200.0 -61.7 -66.7 290.0 52.8 12025.2 335.1 -----
TRO1 195.0 -62.7 -67.3 285.0 50.9 12181.7 335.9 -----
SIGT 191.0 -61.7 -69.7 283.0 50.9 12309.8 339.5 -----
SIGT 189.0 -60.1 -70.1 282.0 50.9 12375.3 343.1 -----
SIGW 185.3 -57.6 -73.2 280.0 50.9 12500.0 349.0 -----
MAXW 185.0 -57.4 -73.4 280.0 69.9 12510.0 349.5 -----
SIGT 183.0 -56.1 -75.1 280.0 69.9 12578.5 352.8 -----
SIGT 179.0 -55.1 -81.1 280.0 69.9 12719.4 356.7 -----
SIGW 176.7 -54.6 -81.1 280.0 69.9 12804.0 358.8 -----
SIGT 174.0 -54.1 -81.1 281.6 62.5 12900.8 361.2 -----
SIGT 172.0 -51.9 -80.9 282.8 56.7 12975.4 366.1 -----
SIGW 160.7 -54.1 -81.5 290.0 22.9 13414.0 369.5 -----
SIGT 158.0 -54.7 -81.7 281.4 24.6 13522.3 370.3 -----
MAND 150.0 -52.5 -82.5 255.0 29.9 13856.6 379.6 -----
SIGT 147.0 -51.3 -82.3 253.6 31.3 13987.6 383.9 -----
SIGW 139.4 -51.9 -82.7 250.0 35.0 14329.0 388.7 -----
SIGW 133.0 -52.4 -83.0 265.0 40.8 14634.0 393.1 -----
SIGW 120.9 -53.5 -83.7 260.0 29.9 15243.0 401.9 -----
SIGW 115.4 -54.1 -84.1 280.0 33.8 15548.0 406.3 -----
SIGW 100.1 -55.7 -85.1 280.0 23.9 16463.0 420.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -55.7 -85.1 260.0 26.8 16467.1 420.1 -----
SIGW 95.4 -55.8 -85.1 260.0 26.8 16768.0 425.7 -----
SIGW 90.9 -55.8 -85.1 270.0 22.0 17073.0 431.5 -----
SIGW 86.7 -55.9 -85.1 270.0 38.9 17378.0 437.3 -----
SIGW 75.1 -56.0 -85.1 270.0 31.9 18292.0 455.3 -----
SIGT 70.6 -56.1 -85.1 283.2 17.0 18683.3 463.3 -----
MAND 70.0 -56.3 -85.1 285.0 15.0 18737.5 464.0 -----
SIGW 68.2 -56.9 -85.1 295.0 15.9 18902.0 466.0 -----
SIGT 65.6 -57.9 -85.1 282.9 12.6 19148.5 469.2 -----
SIGW 65.0 -57.8 -85.1 280.0 11.8 19207.0 470.6 -----
SIGW 61.9 -57.3 -85.1 225.0 10.9 19512.0 478.3 -----
SIGW 59.0 -56.8 -85.1 245.0 23.9 19817.0 486.1 -----
SIGT 56.5 -56.3 -85.1 254.1 17.5 20093.9 493.3 -----
SIGW 56.3 -56.2 -85.1 255.0 16.9 20121.0 494.2 -----
SIGT 52.6 -54.1 -85.1 293.7 18.3 20550.7 508.6 -----
SIGW 51.1 -55.1 -85.0 310.0 18.8 20731.0 510.3 -----
SIGT 50.1 -55.9 -84.9 232.5 4.3 20861.9 511.5 -----
MAND 50.0 -55.7 -84.9 225.0 2.9 20874.7 512.2 -----
SIGT 47.3 -54.5 -84.9 225.0 4.4 21229.3 523.3 -----
SIGW 46.5 -54.5 -84.9 225.0 4.9 21341.0 525.8 -----
SIGW 44.3 -54.7 -84.9 0.0 0.0 21646.0 532.7 -----
SIGW 40.3 -54.9 -84.9 95.0 9.9 22256.0 546.8 -----
SIGW 38.4 -55.1 -84.9 125.0 9.9 22560.0 554.0 -----
SIGW 36.6 -55.2 -84.9 160.0 9.9 22865.0 561.3 -----
SIGT 32.5 -55.5 -84.9 115.2 15.2 23628.1 579.9 -----
SIGT 30.8 -52.9 -84.9 95.0 17.7 23972.8 596.0 -----
MAND 30.0 -52.9 -84.9 85.0 18.8 24142.6 600.5 -----
SIGW 28.9 -52.7 -84.9 80.0 15.0 24390.0 607.7 -----
SIGW 27.5 -52.4 -84.9 95.0 14.0 24695.0 616.7 -----
SIGW 26.3 -52.1 -84.9 75.0 18.8 25000.0 625.9 -----
SIGT 25.3 -51.9 -84.9 103.2 16.5 25244.8 633.3 -----
SIGW 25.1 -52.0 -84.8 110.0 15.9 25304.0 634.7 -----
SIGW 23.9 -52.5 -84.5 90.0 9.9 25609.0 641.8 -----
SIGT 23.9 -52.5 -84.5 89.6 10.0 25613.3 642.0 -----
SIGW 22.8 -51.7 -84.0 65.0 17.9 25914.0 653.0 -----
SIGW 21.8 -50.8 -83.6 70.0 26.8 26219.0 664.4 -----
SIGT 21.2 -50.3 -83.3 88.8 25.6 26392.2 671.0 -----
MAND 20.0 -51.5 -84.5 130.0 22.9 26771.7 678.6 -----
SIGW 18.9 -52.0 -84.5 130.0 22.9 27134.0 687.9 -----
SIGW 18.0 -52.5 -84.5 115.0 15.0 27439.0 695.8 -----
SIGT 18.0 -52.5 -84.5 114.2 15.3 27454.4 696.2 -----
SIGT 16.5 -49.7 -83.7 86.4 29.2 28020.5 722.8 -----
SIGW 16.4 -49.7 -83.7 85.0 29.9 28048.0 723.5 -----
SIGT 14.7 -50.5 -83.5 85.0 26.6 28775.5 744.4 -----
SIGW 13.0 -46.8 -82.8 85.0 22.9 29573.0 783.5 -----
SIGT 12.5 -45.5 -82.5 76.1 22.1 29845.0 797.2 -----
SIGW 11.9 -42.5 -80.4 65.0 21.0 30182.0 819.2 -----
SIGT 11.8 -42.1 -80.1 64.4 21.0 30232.3 822.6 -----
SIGT 10.4 -43.7 -80.7 53.4 21.0 31084.4 846.9 -----
MAND 10.0 -41.5 -80.5 50.0 21.0 31349.3 864.7 -----
SIGT 8.3 -38.1 -79.1 ----- ----- 32623.3 925.4 -----
SIGT 6.1 -37.5 -79.5 ----- ----- 34747.1 1013.2 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 17 May 2024138
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 12.5 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 295.9 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 321.9 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 9.8 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 872 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 11.4 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 861 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = 672 mb
Convective Temperature (CVT) = 22.7 C
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 23.6 C
K Index (KI) = 23.7
Lifted Index (LI) = 1.9
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 130.9
Showalter Index (ShI) = 2.9
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 46.0
Precipitable Water (PW) = 23.7 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 20 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 30 J/kg
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 85 J/kg
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 324 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 81 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 327 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 311 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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